Electric motor



Patented Jan. 8, 1929.

UNIT En sr Ares PATENT FISC,

JOSEPH J. JANOA, or sr. LOUIS, MISSOURLESSIGNOR Ifo 'reis EMERSON EnEc'IRIoMEG.

co., or sm. LOUIS, MISSOURI, Ay CORPORATION OE MISSOURI.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

Appncauonmeu'Mar-ch s1, 1927. serial No; 179,755.

This invention relates tol electric motors, andmore particularly toa combination short circuiting and brush lifting mechanism.

n object of the invention isto provide a short circuiting unit adapted to be operated by centrifugal force, in combination with brush lifting mechanism-` conjointly operated with a short eircuiting' mechanism;

Additional objects andadvantages thereof trated in the drawing, the armature shaftl 1 carries a'l shell 13I supporting a ring 2 on which the commutator segments 3 are clamped. The short circuiting of the arma-r ture is effected by actuating' a' contact disc l against thevertical faces of" the commutator segments. The contactdisccomprises a ring 4 having a plurality Offspacedfngers 5 havingY their outer portions'inclined'toward the com'mutator segments (Fig. 1).

The ringe is loosely retained on one-end off.a"sleev'e.6 by a ring 7. t' the opposite end ofthe sleeve 6 isa ring 8 and aco'il spring 9 around thev sleeve" Gis betfween the ring 8 and the ring 7; The inner end of the sleeve 6 isilanged, so lthat the-ring?l is prevented from moving toward-the commutator faces when the sleeve 6 is in itsV outer adjustment', that is to say, when the motor is at rest. The forward end of the sleeve @has an inwardly turned flange 10, againstA which Oneend ofi an`eXpansiOn-spring11 is seated,` the Other'end of said spring 11j bez'iringy against the'baseof a recess 12 in afme'mber'llcarried by the armature shaft and on which the rality of arms 18. A second spider com"- prising a ring portion 19 and arms QO'fisatl tached to a member 21 on the armatiire-sliaft. Each arm 18 is formed with al shoulderQQ und the arms are arranged in spacedfpai'rs so that the arms 18 project between them:-

"lh'e arms 20 ureinwardly inclinedand-rollers having reduced*portions@L l are mounted between the arms 18 and 20, the reduced portions of the rollers bearing against the shoulder 29 of the arms 18andf the rollers contacting withthe innerfaces ofthe' arms `20.

Wlhen the armatureshaft isv rotated, the rollers move centrifugally and, as the arms QO'are hxedto the armature shaft, the spider comprising the ring 17A and! the arms 18 is actuated?inwardly along the armature shaft. This action results in' pressure onthe ring 8, which is resiliently'ti-ansferred'to'fthe ringV` 7 and, at the saine time, the sleeve 6 isfmoved inwardly .againstl the tendencyv of the spring 11, sothatbotli' thering 7 and the rings are moved towa'rdtlh'e commutator segments- 3, causing the'fingers tocont'act with saidy segments, th'erebyshort cirouiting the commutator. As a result of the continuedinward movement of thering 8', and thereby the in-- ward movement ofthe sle'eve, the flange 10` ofthe sleeve is caused to centact' with thering'- 14, thereby moving the arms 16 inwardly.

The outer ends of" the arms 16 are con` necte'd to a ringmountedvv to slide Onthey member 2l. The brushes 2S areA movably supportedin brush supports 27. The supports 27 are' carried by' ai ring 28 fixed? to the end plate of' the motor. rllhe' brush supports have forwardly extending' arms 29, upon each of which is pivoted a bell crank lever 30 having an eXtensio'nBl, the forward end'of whichis bifurcated and'is pivotally connected by a pin 32-with the brushes. Springs areco'nnected at oneend with the respective arms 29 and at the opposite end with the respective bell cranli levers SO. These springs tend to'actuate theextensions' 310i the bell crank 'levers and thereby move the brushes from the commutator segment-s. Each of the bell cr'a-nl'levers has anin'clined tail'piece Slfwhicli contacts withthe ringf.-

After* the slc'eve has moved inwardlysufli# cientl'y to contact with the ring 1st, the arms 16 are drawn inwardlyagainstthe tendency of the spring 15', thereby permittingthebell` cranklleve-rsv() to he movedb'y theafction'fof" the springs 33, thereby raising the brushes out ot contact with the commutator segments. l/Vhen the motor is at rest, the pressure on the ring 25, by action ot the spring l5 pressing the ring lll and its arms 16 outwardly, causes the brushes to be actuated into contact position. tact until t-he machine has functioned to contact the lingers 5 with the front faces ot the commutator segments. The brushes are then moved from contact position in the manner described.

then the speed ot rot-ation of the armature sha-tt is reduced, the rollers 23 return to the position shown in Fig. l, at which time the contact fingers 5 are out ot Contact vith the commutator segments 3, and the brushes in Contact With the commutator segments.

l am aivare that the invention may be modified in numerous particulars without departure from the. spiritV and scope ot' the invention, but what l claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is l. fr short circuiting mechanism comprising a contact member' movable to maire and break contact with commutator segments, a movable support :tor said Contact member, a spring actuating said support to position in which. said Contact member is out ot contact with the commut-ator segments, a lined meniber, a series of rollers operating against said member tor centrifugal movements, and elastic means operated by said rollers for moving said support to position in which said contact member contacts With the commutator segments.

2. A short circ-uiting mechanism compris-A ing a contact member movable to and from contact with contact segments, a movable supportfor said member, a spring actuating said support to position in which said member is out of contact With the commut-ator segments, a fixed member inclined toward said support, an element for moving said support to position in Which said contact member contacts with the commutator segments, a spring holding said Contact member and said element in spaced relationship, and a series ot rollers operable centritugally against said inclined member to actuate said element to cause said element to move said support to position .in which said contact member contacts With the commutator segments.'

3. A short circuiting mechanism compris-A ing a contact member movable to and from contact With commutator segments, .a movable support for said contact member, a spring yieldingly holding said support in position in which said contact member is out of centactivith the commutator segments, a fixed member inclined toward said support, actuating rollers arranged to operate cen- Vtritugally against said Xed member, anl

elastic means controlled by said actuating rlhe brushes remain in cen-v are Y vith the commutator segments, a lined member, a seri-es of rollers operating against said Yopera-.tedby said rollers ior moving said support te position which said contact member contacts with the commutator segments, brushes movable into and out et Contact with the commutator segments, and means for moving said brushes out otl contact with the commutator segments when said contact member moves into Contact With the commutator segments.V

5. ln an electric motor, commutator seg- .ients, brushes movable int-o and out ot contact with said segments, a lev r pivotally connected with each ot said brushes for moving the brushes out ot contact with said segments, a spring for actuating each ott said levers in a direction to move said brushes out oi contact with said segments, an element holding said levers in position to hold said brushes in contact With said segments, relatively rigid arms inclining toward said segments, and centrifugal devices guided by said arms for moving said element to position to permit said springs to move said brushes out ot contact With said segments.

6. In an electric motor, commutator segments, brushes movable into and out ot contact With said segments, a lever pivotally connected With each ot said brushes tor moving the brushes out ot contact with said segments, a spring for actuating each ot said levers in a direction to move said brushes out of contact With said segments, an element holding said levers in position to hold said brushes in contact With said segments, relatively rigid arms inclining toward .lil segments, centrifugal devices guided by said arms for moving said element to position to permit said springs to move said brusles out of contact with said segments, and means for moving said element to actuate said levers to position in which said brushes contact with said segments. Y

7. In an electric motor, the combination of a rotary armature shaft, commutator segments supported about said shaft,- brush guides and brushes movable in said guides into and out of Contact With said segments, of a lever pivotally connected with each of said brushes, springs for actuating said levers to move said brushes from contact With said segments, a device supported by said shaft ior centrifugal movements, meansv Sil lll)

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centrifugal means for releasing said holding devices thereby causing said levers to move to break Contact between the brushes and said segments.

8. In an electric motor,I the combination of a rotary armature shaft, commutator segments supported about said shaft, and brushes movable into and out of contact With said segments, of a lever' pivotally connected with each of said brushes, springs for actuating levers to move said brushes from cont-act With said segments, a device supported by said shaft for holding said leversin position in which said brushes contact with sait segments, relatively rigid arms inclining toward said segments, and centrifugal elements guided by said arms` for moving said device to position to permit said springs to actuate said levers as aforesaid.

9. In an electric motor, commutator segments, brushes movable into and out of contact With said segments, a lever pivotally connected with each of said brushes for moving the brushes out of contact with said segnents, a spring for actuating each of said levers in a direction to move said brushes out of contact With said segments, an element iolding said levers in position to hold said brushes in contact with said segments, relatively rigid arms inclining toward said segments, centrifugal devices guided by said arms for moving said element to position to permit said springs to move said brushes out of contact With said segments, a contact member movable to and from contact with said segments, means normally holding said contact member out of contact Wit-h said segments, and means for moving said contact member to contact With said segments.

l0. In an electric motor, commutator segments, brushes movable into and out of contact With said segments, a lever pivotally connected With each of said brushes for moving the brushes out of contact with said seoments, a spring for actuating each of said levers in a direction to move said brushes out of contact with said segments, an element holding said 1ievers'in position to hold said brushes in contact with said segments, relatively rigid arms inclining toward said segments, centrifugal devices guided by said arms for moving said element to position to permit said springs to move said brushes out of Contact with said segments, means for moving said element to actuate said levers to position in which said brushes contactavith said segments, a contact member movable to and from Contact with said segments, means normally holding said contact member out of Contact with said segments, and means for moving said contact member to contact with said segments.

ll. In an electric motor, the combination of a rotary armature shaft, commutator segments supported about said shaft, brush guides, and brushes movable in said guides into and out of contact with said segments, of a lever pivotallv connected with each of said brushes, springs for actuating said levers to move said brushes from contact with said segments, a .device supported by said shaft for holding said levers in position in which said brushes contact with said segments, a Contact member movable to and from Contact with said segments, means normally holding said contact member out of contact with said segments, and means for moving said Contact member to contact-With said segments as an incident thc-reto releasing the device holding said ievers.

l2. In an electric motor, the combination of a rotary armature shaft, connnutator segments supported about said shaft, brush guides, and brushes movable in said guides into and out of contact with said segments, of a lever pivotally connected with each of said brushes, springs for actuating said levers to move said brushes from contact With said segments, a device supported by said shaft for holding' said levers in position in Which said brushes contact With said segments, centrifugal elements for moving said device to position to permit said springs to actuate said levers as aforesaid, relatively rigid arms for guiding said elements, a Contact member movable to and from contact With said segments, means normally holding said cont-act member out of contact with said segments, and means for moving said contact member to contact Twith said segments and as an incident thereto releasing the holding device for said levers causing said levers to move to break contact between the brushes and said segments.

18. In an electric motor, the combination of a rotary armature shaft, commutator segments supported about said shaft, brushes movable into and vout of contact With said segments, and a contact member movable to and from eontactvvith said segments,of means for moving said brushes out of Contact With said segments, and elastic means for moving said Contact member into contact with said segments, and as an incident thereto to release said levers whereby contact between said brushes and segments is broken.

14. In an electric motor, the combination with commutator segments, and brushes arranged to contact with said segments, of a contact member movable into contact With said segments, a spring' for actuating said member, centrifugal elements for causing said spring to move said contact member into contact with said segments, and means for moving said brushes out of Contact With said segments.

l5. In an electric motor, the combination with commutator segments, and brushes arranged to contact With said segments, of a contact-member movable into contact with ic Y said segments, a spring for actuating` said member, centrifugal elements for causingsaid spring to move said contact member into contact with said segments, means Jlor moving said brushes out or' contact *with said segments and actuators for moving said Contact member out of Contact With said segments Vand said brushes into contact With said segmake contact with said horizontal faces ofV said commutator segments, resilient means normally holding said brushes in contact With said commutator segments and said ring out of Contact with said commutator segments, and Centrifugalmeans operating in opposition to said resilient means operated upon the rotation of said armature shaft to cause said ring to make Contact with said comniutator segments Vand to release said brushes Jfrom said commutator segments, including oppositely disposed abutment members, one of which is fast on the shaft and the other of which is loose thereon, rollers intergcsed therebetween, andconnectionsV between the brushes and saidcontact rino.

17. lnan electric motor, the combination with an armature shaft, of an armature carried thereby having commutator segments, a Contact ring movable longitudinally of the shaft, a spring operatively connected with said Contact ring, commutator brushes, a sec- Y ond spring connected with said commutator brushes and normally holding the same in contact vvithsaid comnmtator segments, and centrifugal devices operating in opposition to said springs for releasing the tension l thereon whereby the vContact ring,- makes Contact With said commutator segments and as an incident thereto the brushes are released from contact with said commutator segments.

Josnrn J. Jane/l.V 

